Copyright: HELPEASY Ver1.2  (c)  1998  Antony Foote.


   INDEX

Click on any green text to make selection:

Use scroll bars at right of window or "page down", or arrow keys to browse pages....

You can use the Browse keys "<< >>" at the top of screen or print any part of the file.

Avoiding problems

Cd roms

Cmos

Command prompt

Conflicts

Defrag

Dos commands

Exit to Dos

Floppy drives

File errors

Formatting disks

Hard disks

Installing software for hardware

Keyboard

Load errors

Make system disk

Memmaker

Memory (Ram, Rom)

Modems

Monitors

Mouse

Printers

Scanners

Scandisk

Setting up hardware

Setting up programs

Sound cards

Speakers

Using programs

Uideo cards

Viruses

What to buy

Word processor basics

Zip files

Click Here Back To Top

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


setting up programs

Click here for index

Setting Up Programs*

There are several ways of setting up new programs on your computer. Each program must be setup in its own directory. DO NOT COPY PROGRAMS TO THE ROOT DIRECTORY. Each program must have it's own directory.

1/ Using the setup program provided on the disk.

From your windows 3.1x program manager click on "file". Click on "run". In the pop up menu select "browse". If you are installing from "A" drive (3.5" floppy) select A in the "drives" box at the bottom right of the pop up menu. Click "OK". The setup program will appear as "setup", "install" or "winsetup" in the left of the pop up menu. Click on the command "setup", "install", or "winsetup". Click "OK". Follow screen instructions carefully. When the program is installed, it's icon will appear in the "program manager" If you are installing from a CD rom, select the drives letter in the "drives" box in your pop up menu. Generally the CD rom will be drive "D" or "E". It will appear as a drive with a CD in it.

NOTE: Sometimes the setup program will appear as a derivative of the programs name i.e "frsetup", "epsetup", "ginstall" etc. Other programs may use the command "go.exe" or "launch.bat", or "launch.exe" , some may even use "wiz.exe"  In any of these cases, a launch, install or setup command will be absent from the directory.

2/ Using setup built into your operating system.

If you are using the Windows 95 operating system, the same apply's as above. The main exception here though is the option to use the systems inbuilt install program. You will find this by clicking "start", then "settings", then "control". When the control panel appears you will see several options. Click on "add new programs". This should be near the top left of the control panel. Place your CD or floppy in it's drive. Click "install/uninstall". Follow onscreen instructions. As above, the programs icon will automatically be placed in the program menu.

3/ Copying and installing files from self contained DOS based programs into their own directory.

Some DOS applications require placement of all files in the same directory without actually installing them. This applies to DOS based systems and old XT computers. Others require installation similar to that in Windows operating systems.

dos commands

To install programs in DOS, insert the disk containing the program to be installed in it's drive. If the disk is a 3.5" floppy, install in drive "A". Type a:\ and press "enter". The screen will show A:\> . This is called the "command prompt". Next type DIR and press "enter". The contents of the disk will be displayed on the screen as a list of files. If the list of files is longer than the screen, type DIR/p  . This will allow you to see the files, one screen at a time. Press any key to scroll to the next screen. You will be looking for a file called "Install.bat", "install.com", "install.exe", "setup.bat", "setup.com" or "setup.exe". There may be derivatives of the "setup" or "install" programs, i.e "setupd.exe", "ginstal.com" etc. When you have found the required file, type it's name beside the command prompt. i.e, if the name of the file is "install.bat", type "install"  The screen should now look like this.  A:\install or A:>install  Do not include the "bat", "com" or "exe", the computer will know what it's supposed to do. Press "enter" and follow onscreen instructions. If there is no "setup" or "install" in the program to be placed on your hard disk then do the following.

1/  Make a directory for the program. i.e  for a program called "TOWER", make certain you are in c:\  drive (or whatever is the letter pertaining to your hard disk) type md/tower   ( m/d = make directory) then press "enter"

2/  Type cd\tower    This will place you in the directory you just created. You should see  c:\Tower>

3/  Place the program disk in a: drive (3.5"). Type copy a:\*.*     This will copy all the files on a: drive to the directory "TOWER"

4/  When all files have been copied. Run the program  by typing the name of its executable file ( EXE )

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


using programs

Click here for index

Using Programs*

Click here to see Dos commands

To run a program from DOS, first find it's directory. Here's how you do it. From the command prompt C:\> type either of these commands.

DIR      this will show the directory of your current drive.

DIR/P    will show the directory a page at a time.

Directories appear as  NAME   <DIR>

                       GAMES  <DIR>

To get to the desired directory type CD  This means "change directory"

Press "enter".  Your screen will look like this ...

C:\>GAMES\

Now type DIR and press "enter"  All files in the selected directory will be displayed. Remember to type DIR/P if the list is too long for the page. Typing the command DIR/W  will display files across the page. DIR/W/O/P  will display them one page at a time across the page.

Look for a file which has either the name  or the initials of the program you wish to run. i.e the program First Choice is the file FIRST.COM  To start the program you simply type FIRST  then press "enter", and follow onscreen instructions. Remember there is no need to apply the .bat, .com or .exe after the file name when you are only running a program.  It doesn't matter whether you use capital or lower case letters. Remember the file types for a program are BAT, COM or EXE.

Starting programs from the Windows 3.1x "program manager" is quick and efficient. Simply double click on the desired folder icon, i.e "MAIN". When it opens it will reveal programs. Just double click on the desired program to set it in motion. To close the program, double click in the small square with a little line in it at the top left of your screen. Or, click once in that square which will make a sub menu appear. Click "close" . To keep the program running but out of the way while you run another, click the arrow pointing down at the top right of your screen. The arrow pointing up and down changes the window size if you want more than one window on the screen at a time. If you have two programs running at the same time, pressing "ALT" and "TAB" simultaneously allows you to switch quickly from one to the other. Also, if you use the menu instead of double clicking, you don't have to click the icon, then the command. Try clicking the icon while holding your finger on the mouse button, the release it on the desired command.

Windows 95 runs from the "start" icon which is located at the bottom left of your screen. Click once on the "start" icon. You will see a sub menu. Move the cursor to "programs" and click once. Another sub menu will open. You will see a range of programs. The ones which have an arrow pointing right or left will open further to reveal more sub programs. As you move the cursor over them they will automatically pop up their sub menu. Simply click once on the desired program  and it will automatically start. When you have finished with the program, you can close it by clicking the X at the top right of the window. Beside the X you will find a small box icon, this will minimise the window to an icon in the stutus bar at the bottom of your screen. Simply click on the icon in the status bar to bring it back to full screen. It does the same job as pressing "ALT" and "TAB" in windows 3.1x. The icon between this and the X at the top right of your screen shows two boxes. Clicking this allows two screens or "windows" to run at the same time.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


word processor basics

Click here for index

Word Processor Basics*

Without going into major details, there are only a few things you need to know about how to write something, then print it on your word processor. When you have started your word processor, click on "file". This is usually the first menu item at the top left of the screen. It will appear as a word, "File". If you wish to " open" a file already on the computer, click " open" . A submenu will appear. From it, select the file, drive and directory the file is in. This will place the file on the screen to use or edit. If you wish to create a new file, click on " new". When the new file page appears, click on "File". Click on " save". A sub menu will appear. In the top left corner of the menu you will see a highlighted file name. Simply type the name of your file and press enter. The word processor will return to the main page. Begin typing. Every three minutes or so, save the file. To do this click on "File" then click on " save". Begin typing again, repeating the save command. Remember " save...save...save". If you do not save this way and you make a screw up, you will lose valuable time having to re-type your work.

To move about on the page, simply place the cursor where you wish to make a correction or alteration. To get to the end of the page press "page down". To get to the end of the line press "End". These are keys on your keyboard. They are labelled.

Spell checking is usually found in the "tools" menu. Click on "tools" at the top of the page. Click on "spell", or "spelling" etc. Follow onscreen instructions.

Changing fonts is easy. Simply highlight text to be changed by placing the cursor at the left of the block of text. Press and hold the left mouse button then drag the cursor to the end of the desired block. Release the mouse button. The text should now be highlighted. It will appear as white text on a coloured bacground. Click on "format" or other menu item containing "font", when the sub menu appears, select the style and size of font by clicking on it. The font of the highlighted text will change to the new format. Use the icons on the ruler bar if available. If you want to change all text, click "edit" in the page top menu, click "select all" then follow font procedures as outlined above.

Edit can also be used to move or remove text. Highlight selected area. Click "edit", click "cut". The text will be taken from the page and placed in the "clipboard". If you wish the text to be deleted, don't paste it back in. If you wish it to be moved, move your cursor to the place you wish the text to go, click "edit", then click "paste". The cut text will appear at the cursor.

Printing commands are found in the "File" menu. It is important to ensure you have set up your printer as the "default printer". Click on "file". Click " select printer". A sub menu will appear. Look at the sub menu to see what the default printer is. If you are using an Epson FX 80 printer or printer driver, the following should appear highlighted. EPSON FX80 ON LPT1 . If it is correct click "OK", if not,  click on the correct printer. If you are using a voice/fax/data modem, your modem may be set as the default printer. If so, simply click on the correct printer then click "OK". When all is correct, click on 'file", then " print", select requirements from the sub menu the click "OK". A box will appear telling you your document is being printed. You may have to wait a few seconds for the printer to activate depending on the length of the file.

The "F" keys perform other functions. When you open a menu from the top of the page, the "F" command will appear next to the function. If you don't wish to use the mouse, you may use the "F" keys as required.

These are purely the basics to get you on your way. Most word processors look similar on screen and their controls are usually in the same place. The controls though are universal. It would be unlikely to find a different meaning for a common command i.e "cut", "edit" etc. Experiment with commands carefully. Remember there is a help file at the top of every page just a click away.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


load errors

Click here for index

Loading Errors And System Crashes*

FIRST RUN AN ANTI VIRUS PROGRAM ON YOU SYSTEM!

Click here to see Viruses section

From time to time, loading errors cause your computer to stumble and halt. This is usually caused by missing system files. Unless you are an experience user, it will not be possible to recover from a problem such as this manually. If loading errors cause your operating system to stop loading, TURN THE MACHINE OFF, WAIT THREE SECONDS THEN TURN IT ON AGAIN.  If this has no effect, reinstall your operating system using the setup disks provided with your PC. This is the quickest way to recover. If your operating system requires a CD rom to perform the setup and the CD rom will not read the disk, you must reinstall the CD rom. Place it's driver disk (see installing software for hardware) in the appropriate drive, change to that drive (instructions in earlier section) and enter the setup or install command on the disk. Follow on screen instructions and remember to turn off your PC when the driver is loaded, wait three seconds then turn it back on. This will load the driver and you can use the CD rom to reinstall your operating system. Install the CD into it's drive, change to that drive and type "setup", "install" or whatever command is required. You should have documentation with the setup program for your operating system. Use it. When your operating system is reinstalled, your PC should work correctly. There should be no problems with existing programs on your hard disk because the setup program will retain their settings if their files are intact.

If after reinstallation there are programs which refuse to operate or cause errors, reinstall the affected programs. Reinstallation is almost always successful. If it does not correct your problem, reinstall the operating system but this time, put it into a new directory. You will need to reinstall your other programs which run through your operating system. If this doesn't correct the problem,consult a qualified expert. Do not trust friends who tell you they know all about computers. This often compounds the problem resulting in serious malfunction of your PC and loss of valuable data.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


file errors

Click here for index

FILE ERRORS*

First run an Anti-Virus program on your system:

Click here to see Viruses section

Should you see the error message "file not found", the file may have been deleted. Write the name of the file on a piece of paper. To check, in Win95 click on "recycle bin" on the desktop. If the file has been deleted through "Explorer" it will appear in the listings. Simply click on the file, click on restore. The file will be replaced. If you delete a file in Win95 using "winfile", the file is not recoverable and will be lost.

In Win 3.1x, the "undelete program is in the "applications" icon in the "program manager". Double click the "applications" icon, double click the "undelete" program icon. Select "drive & directories" and the program will tell you if there are any recoverable files and their condition. If the missing file is there, click on it to highlight it. Click "undelete" and the file should be recovered. Undelete does not usually work 32 bit file access is in use.

To disable 32 bit file access, in the "program manager" double click on the "main" icon. Double click "control panel" the "enhanced". Click "virtual memory: then "change". In the menu box click in the small square marked "32 bit file access" to clear it. Click "OK", the "OK" again. The computer will ask if you want to restart the computer. Click "restart the computer". When it restarts you will be using 16 bit access. When the file is recovered, repeat the above steps, but this time click in the 32 bit file access box again. This will restart the computer in 32 bit mode. It is faster than 16 bit.

If for some reason you receive a message on a blue screen telling you that Windows 95 files are missing (in particular  .vxd files), it is quicker to re-run your Windows 95 installation program. Install Windows 95 back into the original directory. Do not re-install into a new directory unless absolutely necessary because this will make it necessary to re-install all Windows based software. If, after re-installation of Windows 95, there are still files missing; install Windows 95 into a new directory. NOTE! you will need to reinstall all windows based software.

Periodically you may have problems with files becoming cross-linked. This will cause program loading errors as Windows searches for the program files. This may cause files and directories to rename themselves and Windows will tell you it is unable to locate the file and ask if you want to try and locate it yourself. At this point, run "Scandisk Windows 95". In the advanced options section, place check mark (tick) in the "delete" cross-linked files box and check "invalid file names". Return to the first Scandisk screen and check the "automatically fix errors" section the Run Scandisk. Upon completion, you may need to replace invalid short cuts, file and directory names with the correct ones.

The most likely cause of cross-linking i Windows 95 is running and older dos application which includes some form of disk utility. Older Utilities may not accept long file names, preferring to use a maximum of only 8 characters and no spaces and may shorten them. Therefore it's best to run applications designed to run on Windows 95 with Windows 95.

Click here to see Scandisk section

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


cmos

Click here for index

CMOS*

Do Not set a Password if you are inexperienced in the use of CMOS. If you do, and can't get back into your system you will need to consult a professional unless you know the manufacturers KEYWORD for your particular CMOS:

The CMOS settings configure the base computer system. To get to these settings, press "delete" when you switch on the computer as soon as the BIOS information appears at the top of the screen. You should not enter this domain unless you posess advanced computer skills. Any poking around in there is liable to stop the pc functioning, necessitating professional assistance to reconfigure the system.

If for some reason you have opened the CMOS settings, changed settings and a disaster has occurred, there are only limited options available to get the pc running.

1/  Switch off the machine.

2/  Wait three seconds then switch it back on.

3/  When the BIOS info appears (within a couple of seconds) quickly press "delete (Del)". A menu box will appear.

4/  Move cursor to "advanced cmos " and press "enter".

5/  At the bottom of the screen you will see "setup defaults" and "power on defaults".

Select "setup defaults" (Usually F7 or F6) from the menu at the bottom of the screen and press "ESC (escape)", this will return you to the menu.

6/  Select "advanced chipset".

Select  "setup defaults" from the menu at the bottom of the page.

Press "escape (ESC)" to return to the main menu.

7/  Select "Standard CMOS" from the main menu.  The information should show the following:

a/  Hard disk size.

b/  Time and date.

c/  Floppy drive information, 1.44 mb 3.5" or 1.2 mb 5.25". Some machines are fitted with 360k or 720k drives.

Click here for Floppy drives section

d/  Monitor type. This is usually set to "VGA/EGA/PGA".  If you are using a "HERC" monitor, select "NOT INSTALLED".

Click here for  Monitors section

If this information is not correct then change it doing the following.

Using the arrow keys, select the item you wish to change. With the "page up" or "page down" keys, select the required settings.  This applies to all menu's in the CMOS section.

CONSULT YOUR HANDBOOK FOR THE MACHINE FIRST!

IF ALL THIS SEEMS TOO DIFFICULT, SELECT THE DEFAULT SETTINGS ON THE MAIN MENU, SELECT "QUIT AND SAVE TO CMOS"

FOR MACHINES WITH A NEWER CMOS SETUP, SELECT "FAILSAFE" OR "SETUP DEFAULT" ( NOT OPTIMUM) SETTINGS THEN EXIT AND SAVE TO CMOS.

When this has been done, you can repeat the process, making one change at a time to obtain the best performance although it is highly reccomended you seek professional assistance.

Click here for Monitors section

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


setting up hardware

Click here for index

Setting Up Hardware*

There is not much to setting up new hardware items (sound card, modem, CD Rom etc) on your PC. There are one or two things to remember though before you even buy the hardware.

1/  Make sure it will work on your computer. Some hardware is specifically designed to be used on Windows 95 plug and play bus. Such items can be erratic or difficult to install on other operating systems.

2/  See that it will fit into your machine. There are VESA, ISA and PCI slots on the motherboard of your computer. It is into these slots you will be installing the hardware. Find out which one's are on you machine.  The most common on newer machines (486-DX4, Pentium etc) are PCI.   These slots are usually white, about 100mm long and are offset about 30mm from the back of the motherboard (rear of the PC). Standard ISA slots are around 130mm long, usually black and start almost at the edge of the board. VESA slots are in two parts. The first part is similar to or the same as an ISA. A smaller, usually brown (about 70mm long) continues from the end.

3/  All hardware requires drivers (software on a disk or CD Rom) in order to operate. If you are buying second hand hardware, MAKE SURE YOU GET THE SOFTWARE. The hardware will be useless without them.

Click here for Installing software for hardware

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


floppy drives

Click here for index

Floppy Drives*

COMMON TYPES:

720kb 3.5"      will run on 1.44mb drive

1.44 mb 3.5"       will not run on 720k drive

360kb 5.25"        will run on 1.2mb drive

1.2mb 5.25"        will not run on 360k drive

Formatting Floppies*

720kb 3.5"          will format on 1.44mb drive

1.44mb 3.5"        will not format on 720k drive

360kb 5.25"        will format on 1.2mb drive

1.2mb 5.25"        will not format on 360k drive

To format floppy disk, place in drive.  If in Windows, exit to DOS. From command prompt type:

format a:   to format floppy in a: drive (3.5")

format b:   to format floppy in b: drive (5.25")

format c:   to format your hard disk......DON'T DO IT!!!!

WINDOWS 3.1... Formatting can also be executed from the file manager by clicking in the "Disk" menu item at the top of the page and selecting "format disk". From the pop up menu box, select the appropriate disk size for the disk to be formatted. Follow on screen instructions.

WINDOWS 95...   From the desktop select "My Computer". Select desired drive then the "format " option from the "file" menu at the top of the page and follow on screen instructions.

To replace a floppy drive in an existing PC, first turn off the mains power supply. Remove the top of the machine, remove the screws holding the floppy drive, unplug the power and interface leads from the floppy and lift it out through the front. Simply reverse the procedure to install the new one. Make sure the interface cable is installed correctly. The red or blue line on the cable MUST be at the end of the plug on the floppy drive where you see the number 1. If the cable is fitted incorrectly, damage may result.

If the drive size is different from the existing one, change the size in the

cmos settings.

Click here for Cmos section

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


formatting  disks

Click here for index

Formatting Floppies*

720kb 3.5"          will format on 1.44mb drive

1.44mb 3.5"        will not format on 720k drive

360kb 5.25"        will format on 1.2mb drive

1.2mb 5.25"        will not format on 360k drive

To format floppy disk, place in drive.  If in Windows, exit to DOS. From  command prompt type:

format a:   to format floppy in a: drive (3.5")

format b:   to format floppy in b: drive (5.25")

format c:   to format your hard disk......DON'T DO IT!!!!

WINDOWS 3.1...  Formatting can also be executed from the file manager by clicking in the "Disk" menu item at the top of the page and selecting "format disk". From the pop up menu box, select the appropriate disk size for the disk to be formatted. Follow on screen instructions.

WINDOWS 95...   From the desktop select "My Computer". Select "format " option from the "file" menu at the top of the page and follow on screen instructions.

To replace a floppy drive in an existing PC, first turn off the mains power supply. Remove the top of the machine, remove the screws holding the floppy drive, unplug the power and interface leads from the floppy and lift it out through the front. Simply reverse the procedure to install the new one. Make sure the interface cable is installed correctly. The red or blue line on the cable MUST be at the end of the plug on the floppy drive where you see the number 1

If the drive size is different from the existing one, change the size in the CMOS settings. (see CMOS section)

Hard Drives

Low Level Format* (not Recommended)

LOW LEVEL FORMATTING your hard disk will remove all files and the PC will not boot.

Although it is an excellent method of removing viruses on a severely infected hard disk, it is not recommended.

After Low Level Formatting, the hard disk will not accept a standard format because there is no boot sector. There is no possibility of unformatting the hard disk.

If you have low level formatted your hard disk, you will have removed not only all data, but the boot sector as well. All data and your boot sector have been permanently erased.  In  cmos, ensure the a: drive is the startup drive in the "advanced" section. It should read  A,C Place DOS setup disk 1 into the a: drive. Turn off the computer, wait three seconds then turn it on again. Setup will start automatically. Run the complete DOS setup, selecting "yes" when asked if you wish to format the hard disk. This will reformat your hard disk and place the system files onto it. Although there are other programs which can do this (FDISK on the DOS setup disk 1), I have found this to be the easiest and least complicated method.

UNFORMATTING:

In most situations when you have standard formatted either a hard or floppy disk, it may be undone. You should keep the "unformat.com" file on a floppy disk at all times, prefferably your system disk. See making system disk. If you wish to unformat a floppy disk, you can exit to dos then type UNFORMAT then the drive letter you wish to unformat. i.e unformat a:

Click here for Cmos section

Click here to see Command prompt

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


cd roms

Click here for index

CD Rom's*

There are three main types of CD Rom drive.

1/ IDE (most common)

2/ SCUSI  ( usually external )

3/ Proprietary (mainly older 1 and 2 speed )

Installing....

CD Rom's will assume the next available drive letter when installed. If c: drive is your last drive, the CD Rom will be d: drive.

You will need a sound cable to plug the CD Rom into your sound card if you wish to hear music CD's played through your sound card.

IDE CD Rom drive.  This type of drive will connect to either a newer type 16 bit sound card on the plug provided (prefferable) , or a secondary IDE port on the IDE card or board. Simply fit the CD Rom into a vacant position in the PC facia (remove a facia plate to facilitate this). Connect a spare power lead from the PC to the CD Rom, ensuring it fits correctly into the power slot which you will find is shaped to suit the plug. Connect the IDE interface cable to the CD Rom with the red or blue line on the cable next to the number 1 on the CD Rom circuit board. Connect the other end of the cable to either your sound card, if one is installed, or the IDE secondary port on either the motherboard or IDE cable from the IDE card. Remember to ensure the red or blue line on the cable is in the number 1 position on either port.

When the CD Rom has been installed, turn on the machine and install the driver from the disk provided with it. see "installing hardware" section.

RE Boot the PC.

Click here for  Installing software for hardware

NOTE.. Installing software under Windows 95 is often unnessesary since Windows 95 has its own drivers for many CD Rom's. These can be installed simply by turning on the computer and loading Windows 95. A box will appear telling you that Windows 95 has detected new hardware. It will either install the required software for it, or give you the option to install your own from the disk provided. Just follow on screen instructions. If you wish to install your software manually, this can be done from the control panel in Windows 95.  To get there, click "start" then "settings" then "control panel".  Select the new hardware wizard and follow on screen instructions.

Windows 3.1x installation is done by selecting "run" from the program manager and entering the command from the disk provided.

SCUSI.  Turn off the power to your PC.  Remove the cover of your PC. Install the SCUSI card for your CD Rom into a vacant slot. Replace the cover. If your particular CD Rom requires external power, plug it in using the adapter provided.

When the CD Rom has been installed, turn on the machine and install the driver from the disk provided with it in DOS. see "installing hardware" section.

Proprietary CD Rom. Turn off all power. Remove the PC cover. At this point there are two options.

a/  If you have a sound card  which  supports  a  particular brand of CD Rom ( i.e older single and double speed ), make sure it is installed before you begin and that your CD Rom is suitable for that particular card (suggest ring computer store or read "readme" file on disk provided). The usual types of proprietary CD Rom are Sony and Panasonic (mke driver for older Creative Labs CD Rom's). Follow above instructions for IDE CD Roms, but apply the interface cable to the sound card only,  ensuring the red or blue line goes to the number 1 end of the plug on your sound card. Do not plug the interface cable into any IDE port.

Replace cover, turn on PC and install software from disks provided.

RE Boot the PC.

If installing for use under Windows 95, it's prefferable to use the disks provided. If you decide to use the setup hardware option in Windows 95 control panel, be sure to turn the PC right off before you re boot after installing the CD Rom. (see setting up programs section)

b/  Using a proprietary card.  These are largely obsolete and can cause severe incompatibility issues with your PC.

Install CD Rom as above. Ensure you select the correct plug on the card for your type of CD Rom ( call computer store or read "readme" file provided on disk) and that any jumper switch settings do not conflict with anything else on your PC.  DO NOT USE ANY IDE PORT. If you are using an incompatible sound card, the CD Rom may not work. It's best to avoid a non soundcard proprietary driver.

When installed, turn on power and install software in DOS.

RE Boot the PC.

Click here for  Installing software for hardware

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


sound cards

Click here for index

Sound Cards*

Sound cards are used to provide sound to your PC.  With a sound card installed you can hear system sounds, play music CD's, listen to sounds incorporated in various programs and play music of your own design on the proper software.

16 BIT SOUND CARDS WITH AN IDE INTERFACE FOR IDE CD ROM'S ARE RECOMMENDED:

Turn off the power. Remove top cover of PC.  Fit sound card to a suitable vacant slot and affix with screw. Replace cover. Plug speakers and/or microphone into their allotted plug holes in the back of the sound card and turn on the computer.

Run software from disk provided.

Installing software under Windows 95 is often unnessesary since Windows 95 has its own drivers for many sound cards. These can be installed simply by turning on the computer and loading Windows 95. A box will appear telling you that Windows 95 has detected new hardware. It will either install the required software for it, or give you the option to install your own from the disk provided. Just follow on screen instructions. If you wish to install your software manually, this can be done from the control panel in Windows 95.  To get there, click "start" then "settings" then "control panel".  Select the new hardware wizard and follow on screen instructions.

Windows 3.1x installation is done by selecting "run" from the program manager and entering the command from the disk provided. (see setting up programs section)

TIP:  Some sound cards will not run with Windows 95 unless installed and configured in DOS

Click here for  Installing software for hardware

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


modems

Click here for index

Modems*

33k B.P.S MODEM'S ARE RECOMMENDED IF USING THE INTERNET

14400 bps will be satisfactory for most other applications.

Turn off the power. Remove top cover of PC.

Using the jumpers on the modem, select the desired port settings. If uncertain what they are, select the port which does not contain your mouse. If the mouse is on com 2, select com 1 or com 3. If the mouse is on com 1, select com 2 or com 4. If the modem is to be installed on a Windows 95 plug n play bus, make sure the jumpers are set to "pnp". If still unsure, consult the modem's manual. It will tell you how to adjust settings.

Fit modem to a suitable vacant slot and affix with screw. Replace cover. Plug speakers and/or microphone into their allotted plug holes in the back of the modem and turn on the computer.  install software for modem from disk provided. This can be done in DOS if the machine is not running Windows, or using a Windows setup program.

Windows 95 usually requires no disk to install a modem. If Windows 95 does not detect your modem, use the special Windows 95 drivers disk included in your modem software package supplied with the modem.

Windows 3.1 installation is simple. Run setup on the disk provided from "run"  in the

TIP:  WHEN INSTALLING NEW MODEMS, LET THE SUPPLIED SOFTWARE FIND THE MODEM FOR YOU. MOST WILL. JUST FOLLOW IT'S ON SCREEN INSTRUCTIONS.

Click here for Conflicts section

Click here for  Installing software for hardware

Installing software under Windows 95 is often unnessesary since Windows 95 has its own drivers for many modems. These can be installed simply by turning on the computer and loading Windows 95. A box will appear telling you that Windows 95 has detected new hardware. It will either install the required software for it, or give you the option to install your own from the disk provided. Just follow on screen instructions. If you wish to install your software manually, this can be done from the control panel in Windows 95.  To get there, click "start" then "settings" then "control panel".  Select the new hardware wizard and follow on screen instructions.

Windows 3.1x installation is done by selecting "run" from the "file" menu item in the program manager, then entering the command from the disk provided. (see setting up programs section)

Click here for Setting up hardware section

MOUSE STOPS WORKING:

Click here for Conflicts section

There is a  conflict between your mouse and modem (see conflicts between hardware)

When the modem is activated and the system "hangs", you must change the irq settings on the modem. i.e if it's set on com 1, change it to com 2 or com 4  etc.(see conflicts between hardware)

Read all literature provided with the modem. This will show you what you have to do to set up the modem to run correctly.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


mouse

Click here for index

Mouse*

If you wish to apply a mouse for use with Windows, it should be a MS or PS2  although most will work. Other options include Infra Red. The choice is yours although it is far more convenient to use a standard mouse. Cordless types rely on a small battery within to keep them moving. If not kept on charge the battery becomes low causing inconveniece as you wait for them to re-charge.

Installation.......

NB/ If you will be using DOS based programs or games which require a mouse, you must install a mouse manually in dos.

Simply  plug mouse into com port on the back of your PC. From command prompt type the installation command for your mouse driver (usually on disk) and follow on screen instructions. Reboot (turn off then on again) the PC.

Installing software under Windows 95 is often unnessesary since Windows 95 has its own drivers for mice. These can be installed simply by turning on the computer and loading Windows 95. A box will appear telling you that Windows 95 has detected new hardware. It will either install the required software for it, or give you the option to install your own from the disk provided. Just follow on screen instructions.

If you wish to install your software manually, this can be done from DOS.  (see setting up programs section)

Windows 3.1x mouse software can be installed using the "windows setup" program found in the "main" window of the "program manager". (see setting up programs section)

Mouse Fails*

If the mouse stops working in DOS but still works in Windows and the cursor is still visible on the screen, Reinstall from the vendors disk provided with the mouse.

If the mouse does not work in Windows but does in DOS, check to see if there is a switch under the mouse. If there is, make sure it's switched to the correct position. If it is, and the mouse still won't go, try reinstalling it from the "windows setup" program (Windows 3.1 and 3.11) in DOS. i.e type c:\windows\setup       and press "enter"  In windows 95, use the control panel to reinstall.

Should the mouse fail in both Dos and Windows, it probably needs replacing.

MOUSE WON'T GO:

1/  Make sure you have installed a driver.

2/  Check Plugs.

3/  Clean ball and rollers in mouse.

4/  Check switch on bottom is correctly set (if you have one).

5/  If all else fails, install new mouse.

To Clean your mouse, take it apart.

1/  First, clean the ball of the mouse. Remove it by taking off the plate from under the mouse. Remove the ball and clean in warm soapy water with a scouring pad.

Also clean the three rollers inside the mouse by scraping off the buildup of grime.

2/  There is a  conflict between your mouse and modem .

When the modem is activated and the system "hangs", you must change the irq settings on the modem. i.e if it's set on com 1, change it to com 2 or com 4  etc. (see conflicts)

Read all literature provided with the modem. This will show you what you have to do to set up the modem to run correctly.

MOUSE MOVES ERRATICALLY:

1/  There  may be a hair or some other foreign body on the ball of your mouse.

2/ The switch on the bottom of your mouse (if there is one)  may be incorrectly set.

TIP:  AVOID BUYING A PC WITH PS2 (SMALL) PLUGS. ITEMS USING THESE ARE OFTEN EXPENSIVE.

Click here for Conflicts section

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


keyboard

Click here for index

Keyboard*

Some keyboards have inbuilt hand rests. These are highly reccomended for their assistance in the prevention of R.S.I.

Installation:

With computer turned off, plug the keyboard into the back of the PC. There is a round plug hole which will allow the plug to be inserted in only one position. Turn the computer on. There is usually no need to install any keyboard drivers.

Windows 95 will determine the type of keyboard and should install it's own software if the keyboard is non-standard.

If there is a compatibility problem with Windows 3.1x, run the setup program. Do this by going to DOS, selecting the windows directory and typing SETUP.

Windows 3.1x will determine the type of keyboard and will install software for it. You may be prompted for the Windows Setup disks. Follow on screen instructions.

TIP:  AVOID PS2 TYPE KEYBOARDS WHOSE PLUGS ARE INCOMPATIBLE WITH ANY OTHER TYPE.

TIP: If you have Windows 95 installed on your PC, use a Windows 95 keyboard. They have extra keys to enable Windows 95 features.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


printers

Click here for index

Printers*

All printers need drivers. Some require a disk, others can be set up within Windows using the Windows setup disks.

Click here for  Installing software for hardware

TYPES AND USES

9 PIN DOT MATRIX:

24 PIN DOT MATRIX:

BLACK & WHITE LASER:

COLOUR LASER:

BLACK & WHITE BUBBLEJET:

COLOUR BUBBLEJET:

9 PIN DOT MATRIX printers are limited in their use. They will print text, both standard and graphic to a reasonable degree. They are slow. Some print Black & White and others print basic colour. Neither print photo quality. Affordable. Usually easily available used.

24 PIN DOT MATRIX print as above but with a higher degree of print quality than 9 pin. Colour models are more expensive.

BLACK & WHITE LASER printers do a high quality print of anything. They are capable of good quality photo images in black & white and high definition graphics and text. They are faster than most dot matrix printers in "near letter quality (NLQ)" mode and often more expensive.

COLOUR LASER  Excellent  quality printing of photo images, text in colour and graphics.  Very expensive and usually only used by those with a particular need for photographic quality reproduction.

BLACK & WHITE BUBBLEJET  High quality graphics & text. Good quality black & white photgraphic reproduction. Reasonably fast depending on DPI settings.  Commonly available and affordable depending on manufacturer.

:Refilled ink cartridges tend to produce inferior results to the genuine item.

COLOUR BUBBLEJET  provide similar print quality as black & white bubblejet, similar speed and with the option of colour print reasonable quality photographic reproduction. Marginally more expensive than black & white models, they are affordable depending on the manufacturer and represent good value for money.

TIP:  Refilled ink cartridges tend to produce inferior results to the genuine item and last less time.

INSTALLATION...

Click here for Setting up hardware section

Turn off the computer. Connect the printer to the interface port on the IDE card ( Video card in the case of a Hercules Monochrome Monitor only). Plug printer into the power and turn both the PC and printer on.

If there has been no printer driver installed, you must do so for the printer to work.

If you use DOS only, you can install most printers from DOS using the software provided for this purpose. This is usally done by inserting the driver disk provided into drive a:\ and typing "install" or "setup" and following instructions.

WINDOWS 3.1x .... Install from the "printers" icon in the control panel. Click "add"  then select either from the list provided, "disk from manufacturer" or  "updated or unlisted ".  In the pop up box type the path of the "oemsetup.inf" file, or click browse to find it yourself on the disk provided.  Follow on screen instructions and be sure to select the appropriate printer driver for your printers make and model.

WINDOWS 95...  Click on "start", click "settings", click "printers", click on "add printer" icon. When the pop up box appears choose one of the following,

1/  Select your printer type from the menu provided in the pop up box if you are using your Windows 95 disks or CD Rom. Make sure the Windows 95 disks or CD Rom are in the appropriate drive. Click "next" and follow on screen instructions.

2/  Click "have disk" if you wish to install the printer from the disk provided with the printer. Insert the disk in drive a:\ . Click "next".  In the pop up box you will be asked to specify the path of the "oemsetup.inf" file. In most cases it will be found automatically by Windows 95. However, if it isn't found, click the browse button and look through all directories on the disk. It may be found in the "windows" directory on the disk or "setup", or "drivers". Either way, select the next directory and click "next" or "ok". Windows will tell you if it has found the file by placing a list of printer drivers on the screen. Select the driver for your printer then click "next". Follow on screen instructions.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


monitors

Click here for index

Monitors*

A VGA monitor can be used with an SVGA video card to produce 256 colour 640 X 480 SVGA mode.  This is required to run photo quality imaging. Without it, photos scanned or copied  into the PC will be in 16 colour only and photographic software will be useless for anything other than Greyscale images (black and white photo's).

TIP:  To get a similar quality to 16 million colour Super VGA type setup, use a VESA 1mb SVGA video card with a standard VGA monitor. Much cheaper, hard to detect any difference.

INSTALLING.....

Click here for Installing software for hardware

With power off, Plug in monitor. Turn on computer.

Make sure the "display" type in your CMOS is set correctly i.e ega/vga (see CMOS section )

Installing software under Windows 95 is often unnessesary since Windows 95 has its own drivers for many monitors. These can be installed simply by turning on the computer and loading Windows 95. A box will appear telling you that Windows 95 has detected new hardware. It will either install the required software for it, or give you the option to install your own from the disk provided. Just follow on screen instructions. If you wish to install your software manually, this can be done from the control panel in Windows 95.  To get there, click "start" then "settings" then "control panel".  Select the new hardware wizard and follow on screen instructions.

If you are changing your monitor type in Windows 3.1, you may need to run the windows setup program. Do so by going to DOS, change the directory to c:>windows and type  SETUP.   When windows setup selects your new monitor type, and you are sure it's correct, follow on screen instructions. If you are not sure, select VGA if you have a vga or svga monitor. You can change the type later in the same way by using the setup program in the "main" windows in the "program manager". Having said that, if you pick the wrong monitor in windows setup, and the monitor won't display correctly. Go to DOS, change directory to c:>windows  and change the monitor type using the windows setup program.

HERCULES..  Mono, black & white, amber, green etc.  Will run Windows with ver 3.0  but hard on the eyes. Set CMOS to None Installed in the display section. Must have Hercules card.

EGA...    Does not run Graphics based programs  i.e Microsoft Works. Clear and clean colour. Obsolete as few games or windows applications will run on EGA.  Needs EGA/VGA card (two slots at back of card, one EGA the other VGA)

VGA...   16 colours for all applications except photo quality. Will run all windows programs and all games.  If SVGA mode 256 colour not available on the card, your monitor will not function if 256 colours selected in Windows.

SVGA.   256 + colours for photo and graphic work. Your machine may slow                                  down when using this option. 16 colour can be selected for speed. Most will run at 16 million colours if selected for true colour (24 bit). A SVGA adapter will run a VGA standard monitor at 256 colour if required.

SOME video adapters do have their own software and although Windows settings may well be adequate, adapters such as some S3 type have programs built into their software which allow the user to select graphics acceleration options. Their own software may work better than that installed automatically by Windows.

Click here for Video cards section

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


speakers

Click here for index

Speakers*

Just plug them into your "audio out" port on the sound card

Click here for Sound cards section

The basic requirements for speakers change from user to user. In some cases high performance speakers are required, in others, low performance. Here is a guide line.

CD Rom music:  50 watt plus, amplified speakers with ext power supply.

Normal Applications:  small non amplified speakers (for system sounds)

Modems:  small amplified speakers

FM Radio & TV:  50 watt plus, amplified speakers with ext power supply.

Since most sound cards have mixers built in, volume can be altered on any set of speakers. If the volume level is too low, select the mixer for the sound card form it's Windows menu and turn it up.

Windows 95 mixer control appears as a small loudspeaker in the bottom right of your screen in the status bar. If it's turned off, you will find it by clicking :start" then "accessories" then "multimedia"

Windows 3.1x has all files for the sound programs in their own icon in the "program manager"

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


hard drives

Click here for index

Hard Disks*

NEVER BASH OR JOLT YOUR HARD DISK!

Formatting Hard Disk

Click here for Formatting disks section

The ideal size for a hard disk is at least 500 megabytes. To install, with the power turned off, fit the hard disk as with a floppy drive. Apply the power cable into the plug hole provided and plug the interface cable onto the back of the hard disk. Be sure the red or blue line is at the end of the plug next to the number 1.  Plug the other end of the cable onto the IDE primary port on your IDE card. Be sure the red or blue line is at the end of the plug next to the number 1 pin on the card. You must enter CMOS to adjust to the hard disk size. (see CMOS section)  Select "auto detect hard disk" or enter the specifications if you have them ( user manual ) into the CMOS. Select "save and exit".

DISK WON'T BOOT*

If you have just formatted your hard disk, you have removed the system files. Your hard disk should never be formatted unless there is a need.

If the hard disk is not new and empty, there is a probability that you have removed the COMMAND.COM  This file is the mainstay of your system. Without it, nothing will work and you will need to boot your hard disk from a "System Disk"

Ensure you have entered the correct settings into the CMOS and ensure the a: drive is the startup drive in the "advanced" section. It should read  A,C Insert boot disk or DOS setup disk 1 into your 3.5"  (a: drive) floppy drive. Turn the PC off, wait three seconds then turn on again. If your CMOS settings were correct, c: drive will be available.

RUN AN ANTI-VIRUS PROGRAM:

If you are using the DOS setup disks, Setup will place DOS onto c: drive making it the startup drive.

Do Not install a new command.com if your hard disk is already loaded with programs. There may be other problems with it.

If it is a new hard disk and you are using it for the first time as a sole disk, you will need to install a command.com onto it. If you have a system disk with the file   SYS.COM   on it, place the disk in a: drive and type  sys c:     Press Enter.  This will transfer the system files to your hard disk and make it the startup drive.  Using DOS setup disks is the prefferable option.

If after booting a hard disk with programs on it, the system is unavailable i.e Windows will not load, The probable cause is the AUTOEXEC.BAT file is missing. This file sets all program options and tells the computer where to look for various programs. Without it, you will only get the command prompt c:>  To rectify this, with the system booted and the command prompt on the screen, type cd\dos   When c:\dos> appears on your screen type the following.      edit c:\autoexec.bak   The DOS edit program will appear provided DOS has been setup properly on your computer and the file will be displayed.

Press the ALT key and move the cursor down (arrow keys) to "save as"  Press "enter"   In the pop up menu where the name of the file appears, change the name from "autoexec.bak" to "autoexec.bat"  A message will appear asking if you want to overwrite the existing file. Select "OK"    This will rename the autoexec backup file to autoexec.bat

Remove all disks from their drives. Turn off the machine, wait three seconds then turn it back on.  The system should now re-boot and load the program information from the restored autoexec.bat file.

Low Level Format* (not Recommended)

FORMATTING your hard disk will remove all files and the PC will not boot.

Although it is an excellent method of removing viruses on a severely infected hard disk, it is not recommended.

After Low Level Formatting the disk will not accept a standard format because there is no boot sector. There is no possibility of unformatting the hard disk.

If you have low level formatted your hard disk, you will have removed not only all data, but the boot sector as well. All data and your boot sector have been permanently erased.  In CMOS, ensure the a: drive is the startup drive in the "advanced" section. It should read  A,C Place DOS setup disk 1 into the a: drive. Turn off the computer, wait three seconds then turn it on again. Setup will start automatically. Run the complete DOS setup, selecting "yes" when asked if you wish to format the hard disk. This will reformat your hard disk and place the system files onto it. Although there are other programs which can do this (FDISK on the DOS setup disk 1), I have found this to be the easiest and least complicated method.

Restarting a Formatted Hard Disk.

Insert "boot disk" in drive a:\,  turn on PC. When system starts type sys c:\ at the command prompt.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


scandisk

Click here for index

SCANDISK*

(found in DOS directory)

Click here to see Command prompt

Click here to see Dos commands

Scandisk is located in the c:\dos directory. It's job is to conduct a multiple scan of your hard disk, determining whether or not there are any damaged sectors. From the c:\dos directory type  scandisk c:    SCANDISK will then start. You will receive options i.e surface scan.  Allow SCANDISK to do a complete surface scan. If it discovers damaged, dubious or deleted data area's it will ask you what you wish to do with them. it's best to select "fix" , then choose whether to save, delete or backup the area's before SCANDISK fixes them. I usually select "fix" (move data from them if possible then blank the damaged sectors to prevent their use ) then "don't save".  You choose your own requirements. It's recommended to run SCANDISK regularly to "keep your hard disk in top shape".

In Windows 95, SCANDISK should be found by clicking "start" then "programs" then "accessories" then "system tools". Click on SCANDISK and follow on screen instructions.

SCANDISK will not run from Windows 3.1x. Exit Windows 3.1 and run from DOS.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


defrag
defragmenter (defrag)

Click here for index

DEFRAG*

Click here to see Dos commands

Click here to see Command prompt

(found in DOS directory)

Defrag is used to defragment hard disks so they may run more efficiently. It's purpose is to defragment all directories and their files, placing them in a more satisfactory position to enable more efficient reading, and to consolidate disk space. DEFRAG should be run when the fragmentation is 5% or more. It is best to run DEFRAG after you have removed or altered significant amounts of disk space by adding or removing programs, or run it at least once per month. Files which have been deleted will be lost after DEFRAG has run.

In Windows 95, DEFRAG should be found by clicking "start" then "programs" then "accessories" then "system tools". Click on DEFRAG and follow on screen instructions.

Windows 3.1x will not run DEFRAG. Exit Windows and return to DOS. Change to the c:>dos directory. Type defrag.  Follow on screen instructions. Remember c: drive is usually your hard disk.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


memmaker

Click here for index

MEMMAKER*

Click here to see Command prompt

Click here to see Dos commands

(found in DOS directory)

Memmaker is found in the c:>dos directory. It will not run within Windows 3.1x and is not needed for Windows 95. The purpose of MEMMAKER is just that, to make more memory available for DOS or Windows 3.1x programs which need it. Programs (games (error message OUT OF MEMORY)) which hang or will not run correctly, or run very slowly  may need MEMMAKER. From the command prompt in DOS ( c:> ) type "memmaker" and press enter. Follow on screen instructions then select "no" when asked if there are programs which require extended memory. This should free up more conventional memory for games, Windows etc. Follow on screen instructions.

MEMMAKER runs on DOS 6 and above. It needs a 80386 processor or better.

Click here to see Command Prompt

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


scanners

Click here for index

Scanners*

Types Of Scanner.

1/  Flatbed.

2/  Hand Scanner

3/  Page Reader

1/  Flatbed scanners come in two main sizes for domestic use. These are A4 and A5. Both come in 24 bit true colour and Greyscale, or Greyscale only.

Flatbed scanners usually provide resolutions of 4800 Dots Per Inch (D.P.I) in 24 bit true colour mode, enabling them to provide high quality photgraphic images.

They will be able to perform text recognition (OCR) using a resolution of 200-300 D.P.I. and set in "Line Art" or "text" mode.

Flatbed scanners are the most popular and have the highest degree of convenience.

2/  Hand Scanners will provide high quality photographic images and text recognition. They are available in 24 bit colour and Greyscale, and greyscale only. They are not as convenient as Flatbed scanners and are often replaced with a Flatbed not long after their purchase. The usual DPI maximum is 800 D.P.I

3/  Page Readers are practically the same as Hand scanners and perform the same tasks. Portable models are available which run on batteries. By clicking the scan button and dragging down a page, they creturn an image on paper immediately. Good for those who may require their use secretly. The other type of Page Reader is similar in appearence to a fax machine. It is capable of high quality operations in colour and greyscale but can only scan seperate pages.

Scanner Installation.

Scanners are easy to install. With the power and PC cover off, install the card into a vacant slot. After fixing with a screw, replace the cover, plug the scanner into the card and install the software. You will need to use the disks provided to run the scanner. When you run the setup disks, there is usually a choice given as to the required interupt settings etc. Select IRQ 10 and DMA 100 if possible. This will usually ensure nothing else is going to conflict with the scanner. Read and follow all on screen instructions carefully.

Click here for  Conflicts section

Some scanners connect to the LPT (printer) port (SCUSI). This type requires no internal installation. Simply plug into the computers printer port, plug the printer into the extended printer port on the back of your scanner and install the software.

Simple Tips:

When your scanner is installed and you wish to scan an image, start the photo graphics program which you should have installed, as well as the Twain drivers. From the FILE menu select "select source". Select the name of your scanner from the list and click "OK".

From the FILE menu select "aquire". This will activate the scanner image selection part of the program. Follow all on screen instructions.

16 colour VGA allows only greyscale images of a high standard.

256 colour VGA or SVGA allows near photo quality colour images.

24 bit true colour will give splendid results in colour.

OCR character recognition requires 300 dpi in the "line art" setting.

Click here for Monitors

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


video cards
video cards (adapters)

Click here for index

Video Adapters (video cards)*

Installing software under Windows 95 is often unnessesary since Windows 95 has its own drivers for many video adapters. These can be installed simply by turning on the computer and loading Windows 95. A box will appear telling you that Windows 95 has detected new hardware. It will either install the required software for it, or give you the option to install your own from the disk provided. Just follow on screen instructions. If you wish to install your software manually, this can be done from the control panel in Windows 95.  To get there, click "start" then "settings" then "control panel".  Select the new hardware wizard and follow on screen instructions.

Windows 3.1x

There is no need to alter settings for video adapters if you are using VGA or SVGA monitors. Windows has standard VGA  &  SVGA drivers. The only configuation necessary is the type of monitor. Your needs will determine which you use. If you use an EGA or Hercules monitor, you will need the video drivers from windows 3.0 or 3.1.  3.11 does not support  either of these, neither do many Graphics based programs. Windows 3.11 will run on a Hercules or EGA monitor, provided Windows 3.0 has already been installed to use the Hercules or EGA drivers.

HERCULES..  Mono, black & white, amber, green etc.  Will run Windows with ver 3.0  but hard on the eyes. Set CMOS to None Installed in the display section. Must have Hercules card.

EGA...    Does not run VGA Graphics based programs. Clear and clean colour. Obsolete as few games will run on EGA.  Needs EGA/VGA card (two slots at back of card, one EGA the other VGA)

VGA...   16 colours for all applications except photo quality. Will run all windows programs and all games.  If SVGA mode 256 colour not available on the card, your monitor will not function if 256 colours selected in Windows and will look terrible.

SVGA.   256 + colours for photo and graphic work. Your machine may slow down when using this option. 16 colour can be selected for speed. Most will run at 16 million colours if selected for true colour (24 bit). A SVGA adapter will run a VGA standard monitor at 256 colour if required.

SOME video adapters do have their own software and although Windows settings may well be adequate, adapters such as some S3 type have programs built into their software which allow the user to select graphics acceleration options. Their own software may work better than that installed automatically by Windows.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


installing software for hardware

Click here for index

Installing  Software To Run Hardware*

After ensuring the required hardware will fit into a vacant slot,  make sure the machine is turned off at the main. NEVER INSTALL HARDWARE WHILE THE PC IS RUNNING. Install the card by pressing it firmly but not forcing it into the slot. The card will not fit into a slot it should not be placed in. Fix the card into position with a small screw, replace the PC cover and turn on the machine.

When your operating system has booted, you must load the software in the following manner.

Windows 95:

During "bootup" Windows 95 should inform you it has "found new hardware and is installing the software for it".  You should get the choice as to whether you want to install your own software (drivers on the disks or CD Rom) or have Windows 95 install its own drivers. If you want to install your own drivers, Windows 95 will ask you to place the disks or CD Rom in it's drive. It will then search out the software and begin installing it. When it's complete, the bootup will continue normally. If you wish to have Windows 95 install it's drivers for the hardware, select that option. If the drivers can not be found, you will be asked for the Windows 95 setup disks or CD Rom. If the drivers for the hardware can't be found, select "install driver from a disk" and continue as above.

Windows "plug and play" hardware is recommended for use with Windows 95.

Installing drivers in Windows 3.1 or 3.11:

When the machine has booted. Place the driver disk into it's drive and select "Run" from the "file" menu in the front window. Select run then type in the command required to run the installation program. You will see the command on the jacket the software comes in, or on the software label.

Unlike Windows 95, Windows 3.1 and 3.11 install drivers as a though they are a program. See the " setting up programs" section for complete help.

Click here for Setting up programs section

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


conflicts

Click here for index

Conflicts Between Hardware*

Conflicts between hardware occur when there are two or more items using the same settings. i.e a modem using com 1 and a mouse using com 1 or com 3. If this occurs, change the jumpers on your modem to com 2 or com 4. You must then reconfigure the program which uses the modem, to use the new settings. In Windows 95 you would use MODEMS in the "control panel".  In Windows 3.1x, use the "setup" option of the program which uses the modem.  Use "auto detect" if available. Interupt request IRQ settings may conflict. If your mouse uses IRQ 4, make sure the modem uses IRQ 3 or other.

Scanners also cause conflict problems. They can be rectified in the same way

as above. Check the jumper settings on all of your hardware. If the setting numbers on any two items of hardware (their cards in the PC) match, one must be changed. Jumpers are the small (usually black) plastic blocks on the card. They jump one brass pin to another and complete a circuit, hence the name "jumpers".

Click here for Setting up hardware

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


dos commands

Click here for index

Sample Dos Commands*

Click here to see command prompt

a:	         select a: (3.5") drive

b:	         select b: (5.25") drive

c:	         select c: drive

cd	         change directory ie cd\windows will change c: to c:\windows>

md	         make directory  i.e md\tree will make a directory called tree

del	         delete files i.e   del c:\file.wri

del *.*           deletes all files in current directory.

del *.hlp       deletes all files with .hlp extensions from current directory

ren	         rename files i.e    ren c:\file.wri  file.txt

dir	         shows the current directory and files in it.

dir *.hlp         lists all files with .hlp extension in current directory.

format           formats specified disk  i.e   format c:  formats the hard disk.

unformat       unformats specified disk. Most files will be restored.

sys                 transfers the system files to specified drive. i.e  sys c:

copy              copies files from one directory to another i.e  copy c:\file.wri                                              c:\tree

copy c:\autoexec.bat a:   copies autoexec.bat  file to a: drive

copy c:\config.sys a:        copies config.sys file to a: drive

click hereTO SEE MAKING SYSTEM DISK SECTION FOR DETAILS ON THE IMPORTANCE OF THESE TWO COMMANDS

These are only the basic commands. Read your Dos manual if more are required. Either lower case or capital characters can be used.  i.e   C:   and c:  will have the same effect.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


zip files

Click here for index

Opening Zip Files*

Click here to see Dos commands

Click here to see command prompt

USING AN EXAMPLE FILE OF  "DRAW.ZIP"

Zip files are files which have been compressed (zipped) to conserve space on the hard disk. Any file which has been zipped will not run. A program which is zipped may contain many files. These will be unzipped into a directory and will then run. First it must be unzipped. To do this, the file must have a directory of it's own on your hard disk. (READ THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS)

HOW TO COPY A FILE TO A NEW DIRECTORY*

From within windows Program Manager (win 3.1) or Explorer (win 95) create a new directory. You may call it whatever you wish. Copy the zipped file into that directory. In windows 3.1 simply click on the drive and directory containing the file, click the left mouse button on the file and hold it. Drag the file to the new directory with the mouse and let it go in the new directory.  In windows 95, click on the drive and directory containg the file, click on the file. From the "Edit" menu item at the top of the page select "copy". Move the mouse to the new directory and click on it. Click the "Edit" item again. Click "paste". The file will be copied into the new directory.

If using DOS, make a directory  i.e  type   MD\DRAW    from the command promt in the desired drive. i.e  c:\>   is using drive c as the desired drive   Type  md\draw  to make a directory called "draw"  on c:\> drive.  Type cd\draw  to change to the directory called "draw".   Copy the zipped file to that directory.   If the file is on a:\> drive (3.5" floppy) type

copy a:\draw.zip   and press "enter"  the file will be copied to c:\draw

Windows 95 or 3.1 with Winzip or similar installed.

1/  Open the Zip software from "programs" in the "start" menu (Win 95) or "program manager" in Windows 3.1.

2/  Click the "open" icon at the top of the page then select the .zip file to be extracted. (c:\draw\draw.zip in this case)

3/  Click "extract", then "all files" from the pop up menu.

4/  Type in the directory to which you want the file/programs installed then click "ok". The files/programs  will be installed to that directory. If you are unable to find a suitable directory, type c:\zipfile, or d:\zipfile etc. The software will usually create the directory for you.

Windows 3.1 with pkunzip.exe in any directory.

1/  Move pkunzip.exe to directory containing the .zip file (c:\draw in this case)

2/  With your mouse, drag the .zip file onto pkunzip.exe and release it.                (c:\draw\draw.zip in this case)

3/  Pkunzip.exe will extract the zipped files/programs to the same directory then return to Windows.

From DOS.

1/  Place Pkunzip.exe into the directory of the .zip file. (c:\draw in this case)

2/  Type the following syntax  pkunzip   c:\directory name\filename.zip                 (c:\draw\draw.zip in this case) then press "enter".

3/  If you want the files/programs placed in another directory, type the following syntax. pkunzip c:\directory name\filename.zip  c:\directory name

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


what to buy
what computer to buy

Click here for index

WHAT TO BUY*

386 vs 486 & Pentium Type Computers:

There are several things to consider when purchasing a computer, whether it be new or used.

1/  What do you want the PC to do?

Many people want nothing more than a machine capable of word processing. Others require multi media, sound and graphic ability. Some want all of the above plus the Internet, EMAIL, and photo realism.

2/  Speed..  Most users who require only word processing do not require much speed. Therefore the cost of their machine will be significantly lower than a user who has "all the bits", or simply wishes to have the best or fastest computer available.

3/  Price.. You get what you pay for. Make sure you have decided exactly what you NEED as a minimum requirement, then find the best priced machine. If you don't get it right first time, you'll soon find yourself sucked into the "accessory trap".

4/  New or Used?  There is no reason to assume an older used machine is any less capable of meeting your needs as the newest and most expensive. Unless you are a business, or your work requires the fastest PC on Earth, used could be the way to go.  The price is right, usually negotiable and there is a huge choice of good quality used computer equipment out there.

5/  Why not build my own?   Well, there are plenty of cheap used machines. Buying one then upgrading it can be far more expensive than buying a complete machine which suits your requirements. This is only a sensible option when you have access to very cheap parts.

WHAT CAN THEY DO*

Avoid 286 or XT computers.

They are very old, very slow and extremely limited. They will run Windows 3.0 but no modern applications which require Windows to be run in ENHANCED mode.

386 DX40  with 4mb ram and 100mb+ hard disk will run.....

Windows 3.1x (smooth and reliable..  reasonably quick)

Windows 95 (not recommended ...slow, but not bad with 8+ mb Ram)

Scanner

FM Radio

Television card with video capture

Comprehensive word processing

Graphics based Programs

CD Rom

Full Audio

SVGA 256 colour photo quality graphics (will slow down the machine, not excessively)

Modem, Telecommunications, Answerphone & Fax

Internet (slower than 486 but quite usable)

EMAIL

Most Games (except those requiring large memory capacities)

Add 4mb ram to run those games requiring extra.

486 X 33mhz or faster with 4mb ram will run the following, but slightly faster than a 386 DX40mhz.

Windows 95 (slow but satisfactory)

Windows 3.1x (works well, quicker and smoother.. trouble free)

Scanner

FM Radio

Television card with video capture

Comprehensive word processing

Graphics based Programs

CD Rom

Full Audio

SVGA 256 colour photo quality graphics

Modem, Telecommunications, Answerphone & Fax

Internet

EMAIL

All games

486 DX2 or 4 X 66mhz or 100mhz  will run considerably faster.

PENTIUM TYPE PC with 100mhz+ cpu and 16mb RAM will run all of the following faster than any 386, or 486 with a smaller cpu than 100mhz.

Windows 95

Windows 3.1x

Scanner

FM Radio

Television card with video capture

Comprehensive word processing

Graphics based Programs

CD Rom

Full Audio

SVGA 256 colour photo quality graphics

Modem, Telecommunications, Answerphone & Fax

Internet

EMAIL

All games

As you can see the only thing which changes is the speed of the machine. Adding more RAM (Random Access Memory) and/or a faster cpu will enhance the speed and performance of any PC. It is suggested that any PC running Windows 95 be fitted with at least 16mb RAM and 40mhz+ cpu. 4mb RAM and a 33mhz cpu will work but the speed will be very low and highly frustrating.

200mhz PLUS COMPUTERS..  Recommended for those with the funds to be selective. Beware though, the new computer you buy will almost certainly be obsolete the moment you get it! Computer technology develops constantly so there will always be something better, faster and newer no matter how hard you try to keep up.

RECOMMENDATION:

Kids Computer:

486 X 66 with 8mb Ram

250mb Hard disk

6 speed IDE CD Rom

16 bit sound card

speakers

mouse

keyboard

VGA or SVGA colour monitor

SVGA video card with 1mb+ memory

Windows 3.1x

Desired Software

Word Processing & General Use:

486 DX 80+    or    Pentium 100mhz

16mb minimum Ram

500mb minimum hard disk

8+ speed IDE CD Rom

16 bit sound card

Amplified speakers with external power supply

33 B.P.S modem

Voice/Fax software

Internet software

microphone

mouse

keyboard

VGA or SVGA colour monitor

SVGA video card with 1mb+ memory

Windows 95

Windows Word Processing software Package (i.e Works)

Other desired software

Advanced Photo Graphic Use:

Pentium 166mhz+

32mb minimum Ram

2.5gb  minimum hard disk

16+ speed IDE CD Rom

16+ bit sound card

Amplified speakers with external power supply

4800 DPI flatbed scanner

33 B.P.S modem

Voice/Fax software

Internet software

mouse

keyboard

SVGA colour monitor

SVGA video card with 2mb memory and Graphics acceleration

Windows 95

Windows Word Processing software

Photographic software

Other desired software

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


viruses

Click here for index

VIRUSES*

Install A Memory Resident Anti-Virus Program And Keep It Updated Often !

Run An Anti-Virus Program Over Your PC From A Floppy In DOS:

Backup all files on floppy disk when you first start using your PC. If your PC crashes you will be able to re-install the programs then reload your data from floppy disk.

Viruses cause all kinds of havoc on a PC. They can delete the boot sector on your hard disk making it impossible to start your PC. Viruses attach themselves to, and can delete certain types of files from anywhere on your hard disk or floppy drive. They can attach themselves to EXE, COM etc files and stop programs from running.  They are designed by people who have nothing better to do than deliberately destroy the computers of unsuspecting users. If your computer runs erratically or shows unexpected errors, run an anti - virus program. See your local computer dealer for advice as to the best one to buy.

How Do Viruses Get Into Your PC*

Viruses can infect your PC in several ways.

1/  Swapping floppy disks (games are a common offender !)

2/  Unprotected Internet Use (downloading infected files)

3/  CD Rom's (rare)

4/  Transmitted via terminal data transfer

To avoid transferring Viruses to your PC, run an anti virus program from DOS over any floppy disk you receive, no matter how innocent or professional they look.

Keep all floppy disks set in the LOCK position to avoid transferring viruses to them from your PC.

Install A Memory Resident Anti - Virus Program

This runs automatically in either DOS or Windows and should protect your PC to a high degree. Having no virus protection is IRRESPONSIBLE !

In Internet browsers you have the option of opening downloaded files or saving them to your hard disk. SAVE THEM so that you can run an anti virus program over them before installation.   If you open the downloaded files without checking for viruses and they are infected, you will activate the virus. Many of them do not activate immediately and you can be lulled into a false sense of security. Suddenly, your computer will crash and burn. This could be weeks, months or years later. You will have lost your valuable data forever!

Install A Memory Resident Anti - Virus Program!!!!

Click here to see Making a system disk

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


make system disk
make a system disk

Click here for index

MAKING A SYSTEM DISK*

A system disk is used to start the computer when there are no system files on your hard disk. They may either have been removed, or not yet installed. Without them on your hard disk, the PC will not go! A system disk should made in case this happens. If you don't have one, you can bet you'll need it !

1/   Place a new, formatted disk in your floppy drive.

Click here to see Floppy drives section

2/   Change to c:\dos> directory. Make sure the file   sys.com   is present in       DOS dir.

3/   Type sys a:

4/   Press "enter"

When the system files have been copied the command line will read

c:\dos>SYSTEM TRANSFERRED

Copy the file SYS.COM from the DOS directory onto the 1.44mb 3.5" floppy disk you have jusy placed the system on.

To safeguard your operating system (windows etc), copy the config.sys and autoexec.bat files to the new system disk. You will find them in the directory c:\> (root directory (see sample DOS commands section))  These two files will automatically run the existing configurations stored on them. Your system should run from a:\  drive unless there are other damaged or missing files.

System disks can be made in Windows 3.1x "file manager" using the "disk" menu item at the top of the screen. Click on "make system disk". Follow on screen instructions.

Windows 95 has the same option. You will find it in "my computer" on the front menu (desktop). Open "my computer". Click once on the a: drive icon. Click on "file" then format. Follow on screen instructions.  Alternately, the best option is to use the control panel. Select "add/remove programs" icon.  Select "startup disk"  Follow on screen instructions.

With the Windows 3.1x option, you will still need to add  autoexec.bat  and  config.sys  files.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


green
Click on text written in green to go to the named topic...

Click anywhere to close "pop up" boxes like this one.

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


open file

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


new file

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


save file

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


select printer

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


print

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


select file

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


command prompt

Click here to find out how to Exit to Dos

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


            Avoiding problems

Click here for index

Make a system disk!

Never shut Windows 95 down mid-operation.

Never shut Windows 95 down with the switch.

Shut it down properly with :start" then "shut down" etc.

Children should be supervised while using a computer! They are taught no technical info at schools although you are led to believe they know what they are doing!  They are extremely limited in their knowledge!

Ignore supposed computer expert friends, they often make things worse. Their free advice will usually end up costing you. Check with the experts!

Do not run older DOS applications (disk utilities) with Windows 95.

Buy new hardware, not used. There is a guarantee and the appropriate software!

Buy a system which provides 256 colour or better only.

If your system suddenly becomes erratic or unstable, check for viruses

Be wary of disks from other computers. They may contain viruses which spread unbelievably quickly!

Avoiding Problems

There are many problems which occur in a PC, especially when you muck about with files. If a new user is not proficient in the operation of a new PC, he/she is likely to inadvertently do the wrong things. The most important thing to remember is your new PC has been set up by experts to do particular jobs. One should use the PC as it has been set up, without trying to make it go faster or better. Simply running any of it's supplied programs will prevent it from causing problems. Sometimes problems can occur without apparent reason. Some may be caused by user misadventure. Here are some basic "DON'T DO'S"

IF YOU DON'T KNOW WHAT YOU ARE DOING, KEEP OUT OF THE "FILE MANAGER (WIN 3.1X)", "EXPLORER (WIN95)", "SYSEDIT", "EDIT" OR DIRECTORIES. IF YOU DON'T YOUR PC MAY CRASH!!!!!

DON'T TOUCH FILES WITH THESE EXTENSIONS:

NB: "Extension" means the type of file. This is used by the program to determine the purpose of the file.  For example,  AUTOEXEC.BAT .    AUTOEXEC is the name of the file, .BAT is the "Extension"

.DLL

.INI

.SYS

.DRV

.EXE

.COM

.BAT

.CAB

.VXD

.INF

and any other file in the in the "Windows System" or "ROOT" Directory (files which are on the hard disk but not in any folder (directory)).

KEEP OUT OF THE WINDOWS SYSTEM DIRECTORY....! IF YOU DON'T YOUR PC MAY CRASH AND BURN!!!

Avoid running Older Dos based utilities on your PC when Windows 95 is installed. Running such programs can cause alterations to long file names which Windows 95 uses but DOS does not. If alterations in file and directory names occur, your Windows will have difficulty locating programs and files.

Click here to see File Errors section

To avoid file errors, keep out of the file manager(Windows 3.1) and Explorer (Windows 95) as both of these utilities will allow you to alter files and directories. You may not even realise that you have done it.

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


about
about helpeasy v1.2

This help file has been written with simplicity in mind. like most new computer users, I found it extremely difficult to understand the complex manuals. Well, those manuals have got no easier, less complicated or smaller.

I have been building, optimizing and repairing PC's now for several years. The most common repair requested was a simple computer crash. For the most part, they were quick and easy to sort out but still costed the owner money. When they saw how quickly it was done, I was often asked "Why isn't there any easy to understand manual?" In response to that I decided to write this easy starter's guide to using, and finding the cause of errors on the PC and hopefully correcting them. Also included is a guide to installing your new hardware and software, and a section on the most common causes for computer crashes.

HELPEASY V1.2 is the result of many hours of work, trial and error and experimentation. Each section contains links to others which may be relevant to the current topic. It is best to explore all topics to gain a better knowledge of your PC. It could save you time and $$$$$$$$.

      Antony Foote. . . .

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


email
E MAIL me

If you have any questions or comments regarding "HELPEASY V1.2" or an aspect of computing not mentioned in the file or even more information on a topic already covered, email me at >>>   nolaf@clear.net.nz

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


dos
exit to dos

Click here for index

How to exit To Dos

Windows 95- Click "Start" then "Shut Down", select "Re-Start the computer in MS-DOS mode", click "Yes". This will take you to DOS and the Command Prompt.

Windows 3.1- From the "Program Manager (front page)" click "File" then "Exit". A box will pop up. Click "OK". This will take you to DOS and the Command Prompt.

Click here to see Command Prompt

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote


memory
memory (ram)

Click here for index

Memory:

Physical memory (RAM) is needed to run programs. Most PC's like to have 16 megabytes (mb) available to them at all times to perform normal operations. Known as RAM  (random access memory), the PC loads programs into RAM and runs them from there. If there is plenty of ram to run a program without using Virtual Memory, the program will run quickly and smooth.

Read Only Memory (ROM) If for some reason the following message appears " NO ROM BASIC SYSTEM HALTED" you will need to enter "CMOS" and set make all settings "setup defaults",  "failsafe" or "power on defaults". This message usually appears when the CMOS settings have been corrupted by an inexperienced user. See CMOS section

Sizes of RAM Chips

The most common sizes and types are:

256k   30 pin Simm (XT, 286, some 386)

1mb	30 pin Simm (as above plus 486 with 30 pin slots)

4mb	30 pin Simm (386, 486 with 30 pin slots)

4mb	72 pin Simm (486 DX plus)

8mb	72 pin Simm (486 DX plus)

4mb	72 pin Simm EDO (Pentiums)

8mb	72 pin Simm EDO (Pentiums)

16mb 	72 pin Simm EDO (Pentiums)

386 minimum RAM should be 4mb of Simm for most basic applications.

•	All larger machines should be a minimum of 16 mb.

•	8mb will do when using Windows 3.1.

•	16 mb minimum is needed to run Windows 95 quickly and smoothly although it will run on 8mb.

•	Unless you have a specific need for more Ram, 16mb will be adequate.

Virtual Memory

This is created by your operating system. When your RAM is lower than needed, if your operating system (Windows etc) is set to allow virtual memory, Hard Disk space will be treated as extra memory. Ram reads far faster than Virtual Memory, so if you need more memory, buy more. It is not expensive generally.

Memmaker

This device is provided with the DOS setup for Windows 3.1+  It requires DOS to be correctly installed and a 386 or better processor (CPU)see also memmaker

Click here to see CMOS section

Click here to see Memmaker section

Click Here Back To Top

Click here for index

The content of HELPEASY V1.2 is copyright (c) 1998 A.R.Foote